{"id":401,"date":"2022-12-31T12:52:32","date_gmt":"2022-12-31T12:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/?p=401"},"modified":"2023-01-13T08:11:45","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T08:11:45","slug":"overvaegt-tal-og-data-samt-mikrobiom-mikrobiota-definitioner-og-forklaring-del-1-af-hovedopgave-om-microbesity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/?p=401","title":{"rendered":"Overv\u00e6gt, tal og data samt mikrobiom \/ mikrobiota \u2013 definitioner og forklaring – del 1 af hovedopgave om Microbesity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Overv\u00e6gt, tal og data<\/strong>
\nGenerelt anses overv\u00e6gt som en konsekvens af en stadig ubalance mellem energi-indtag og energiforbrug for\u00e5rsaget af et komplekst sammenspil mellem genetisk modtagelighed og ern\u00e6ringsm\u00e6ssige, sociale, psykologiske og milj\u00f8m\u00e6ssige faktorer (4).<\/p>\n

WHO definerer personer som overv\u00e6gtige hvis de har et body mass index (BMI) \u226525.0 kg\/m2 og som fede (obese) n\u00e5r de har et BMI p\u00e5 \u226530.0 kg\/m2 (5). I denne opgave benyttes betegnelsen overv\u00e6gtig da den ogs\u00e5 inkluderer fedme og da der p\u00e5 dansk ligger en v\u00e6rdiladning i ordet fed\/fedme der ikke p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5de eksisterer p\u00e5 engelsk.
\n\u2022\tI \u00e5r 2000 var 10% af danske m\u00e6nd og 9% af danske kvinder sv\u00e6rt overv\u00e6gtige
\n\u2022\tHvert \u00e5r er ~2% af alle d\u00f8dsfald p\u00e5 grund af overv\u00e6gt
\n\u2022\tSv\u00e6rt overv\u00e6gtige d\u00f8r i gennemsnit 2-3 \u00e5r for tidligt
\n\u2022\tHvert \u00e5r er 55.000 hospitalsindl\u00e6ggelser relateret til overv\u00e6gt.
\n(6).<\/p>\n

I 2008 var ca. 52% af den voksne befolkning i Danmark overv\u00e6gtige, heraf var 18% sv\u00e6rt overv\u00e6gtige. Fremskriver man disse tal vil ca. 27% af befolkningen v\u00e6re sv\u00e6rt overv\u00e6gtige i 2030 (7).<\/p>\n

2022: Antallet af overv\u00e6gtige er steget drastisk over de sidste 50 \u00e5r. Overv\u00e6gt betragtes nu som en global helbredsudfordring som af WHO defineres som havende karakter af en pandemi. I globale tal var over 650 millioner voksne mennesker overv\u00e6gtige i 2019.
\n\u00c5rsagen til at overv\u00e6gt bliver betragtet som en helbredsudfordring er, at overv\u00e6gtige statistisk set har en st\u00f8rre risiko for at f\u00e5 type 2 diabetes, fedtlever, hjerte-kar sygdomme, forh\u00f8jet blodtryk, hjertetilf\u00e6lde, demens, s\u00f8vnapn\u00f8 og visse kr\u00e6fttyper; alts\u00e5 mange af de sygdomme vi generelt betragter som livsstilssygdomme (A). <\/p>\n

Mikrobiom \/ mikrobiota \u2013 definitioner og forklaring<\/strong>
\nI min opgave brugte jeg f\u00f8lgende definitioner:
\nMikrobiota: Et mikrobielt milj\u00f8 der almindeligvis henviser til det omr\u00e5de, som det optager (f.eks. tarmmikrobiotaen).
\nMikrobiom: Helheden af det samlede genomer og gener af alle kroppens mikroorganismer
\n(8). Idet der fokuseres p\u00e5 milj\u00f8et i tarmen, vil betegnelserne mikrobiota\/mikrobiom og ikke tarm-mikrobiota og tarm-mikrobiom blive anvendt (dvs. uden \u201dtarm\u201d).<\/p>\n

Mikrobiotaen udg\u00f8r et komplekst \u00f8kosystem der har >1000 arter med >7000 stammer og indeholder > 150 gange flere gener end det menneskelige genom (9). Den menneskelige tarm rummer trillioner af mikrober fra alle omr\u00e5der: Eukaryoter, bakterier og archaea, med dominans af bakterieceller. Der er bakterier i maves\u00e6k og tyndtarm, men langt den st\u00f8rste del findes i tyktarmen hvor ca. 90% af bakterierne h\u00f8rer til de to phyla Firmicuter og Bacteroidetes (4).
\n–\tBacteroidetes er gramnegative, anaerobe, ikke-spore-dannende bakterier der indeholder enzymer der kan nedbryde kulhydrater
\n–\tFirmicuter er grampositive, anaerobe sporedannende bakterier der fermenterer simple sukkerarter s\u00e5ledes at der dannes forskellige kortk\u00e6dede fedtsyrer (short chain fatty acids – SCFA)
\n(9).<\/p>\n

De andre repr\u00e6senterede phylaer er vist i Figur 1 der fremstiller det bakterielle hierarki i mikrobiotaen (10) (11).<\/p>\n

\"\"

Figur 1 Skematisk fremstilling af det bakterielle hierarki i mikrobiotaen (11).<\/p><\/div>\n

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(C) Mette Brahm, 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Overv\u00e6gt, tal og data Generelt anses overv\u00e6gt som en konsekvens af en stadig ubalance mellem energi-indtag og energiforbrug for\u00e5rsaget af et komplekst sammenspil mellem genetisk modtagelighed og ern\u00e6ringsm\u00e6ssige, sociale, psykologiske og milj\u00f8m\u00e6ssige faktorer (4). WHO definerer personer som overv\u00e6gtige hvis de har et body mass index (BMI) \u226525.0 kg\/m2 og som fede (obese) n\u00e5r de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9,37,33,58],"tags":[44,157,155,158,156,154],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pa3ihQ-6t","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=401"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":412,"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions\/412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mettebrahm.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}